Securities Archive » January, 2021

Securities - January, 2021

351 articles

• SEC Faces Uphill Battle To Act On GameStop Trading War
• Sen. Warren Demands SEC Action Amid GameStop Frenzy
• Coinbase's Public Listing Plans Shine Spotlight On Crypto
• Callaway Golf Hit With Investor Suit To Pause $2B Merger
• Tribal Co. Says Atty-Judge Name Mix-Up Led To $12M Default
• Trimmed Suit Over $2B Presidio Sale Moves On In Chancery
• Former Mexico Tim Hortons Operator CEO Ducks Arbitration
• 5th Circ. Affirms Toss Of Mogul's Whistleblower Suit
• Ripple Slams SEC's 'Unprecedented And Ill-Conceived' Suit
• Hedge Fund Says Banks' Spoofing, Naked Shorting Cost It Big
• AstraZeneca Hit With Investor Suit Over COVID-19 Vaccine
• Big Banks 'Sow Confusion' In Small Bond Suit, Investors Say
• Lighting Co. Tells 11th Circ. Investor Class Can't Be Certified
• What Growing Focus On ESG Means For Insurers
• Taxation With Representation: Kirkland, Debevoise, Sidley
• Judge Says Challenge To $6.1B Energy Go-Private Deal Fails
• Exxon Faces Class Claims Permian Basin Assets Overvalued
• HNA Group Says Creditor Filed Bankruptcy Petition In China
• Atty Involved In Cay Clubs Ponzi Scheme Suspended 2 Years
• Nabriva Gets Initial Nod For $3M Investor Settlement
• SEC Must Reprioritize Investor Protection To Foster Recovery
• Preparing The Securitization Market For Libor Transition
• Ex-Goldman Exec's 1MDB Trial Delayed Amid Dismissal Push
• SEC Says Fraudster Spent $10M Of Investor Funds On Lottery
• Biden's Regulatory Freeze Unsettles Crowdfunding Advocates
• Facebook Names First Ever Chief Compliance Officer
• More Cannabis Developers Ink $3.4M Deal In SEC Fraud Suit
• Bristow Investors Reach $6.25M Deal In Suit Over SEC Filings
• How Compliance Departments Can Prepare For Biden
• Mitigating AML Act Exposure For High-Net-Worth Individuals
• Crypto CEO Claims Trimmed In SEC Pump-And-Dump Suit
• Ex-Investment Adviser Cops To $100M Loan Fraud Scheme
• Paul Weiss-Bound Orrick Attys Exit Theranos Case
• Businessman Gets 3 Years For Role In PetroEcuador Bribes
• New Ariz. Law Practice Rules May Jump-Start National Reform
• SEC Settlement With Hedge Fund Offers Corporate AI Lessons
• Robinhood Trading Blocks Draw Lawsuits And Lawmakers' Ire
• SEC Says Bogus Media Co. Scammed $14M From Investors
• Ex-PDVSA Trader Cops To Money Laundering
• White House, SEC 'Monitoring' Volatile GameStop Stock
• Lieff Wants To Appeal $1M State St. Fee Cut Before Paying It
• Photographer Drops Copyright Suit Against Akerman
• Papa Murphy's Slams Recommendation To Save Merger Suit
• How The SPAC Boom Could Trigger More Lawsuits
• Class Lead Fight Heats Up In Alibaba Suit Over Halted Ant IPO
• Special Master Urges Toss Of Opt-Out Valeant Investor Suit
• Chancery Keeps Suit Over $30B CBS-Viacom Merger Alive
• Judge Warns Of Doubts Over Zohar Claims In Tilton Tax Fight
• And Now A Word From The Panel: Fewer MDLs, More Actions
• SEC Enforcement Needs New Guiding Principles
• Europe Grants Equivalence Access To US Clearinghouses
• Feds Charge Crypto Trader 'Coin Signals' With $5M Fraud
• Class Cert. Granted In Robinhood 'Refer A Friend' Texts Suit
• Waddell & Reed Hit With Investor Suit Over Macquarie Merger
• Firms Pitch Strength In Bid To Lead Kyocera-AVX Deal Suit
• $300K SEC Disgorgement Should Stand Despite Liu Ruling
• Saul Ewing Bolsters Cannabis Practice With Corporate Pro
• Fla. Businessman Seeks No Prison In Giuliani-Linked Case
• Barron's Beats Atty's Defamation Claims
• Boeing Says Investors Can't Use DOJ Deal To Boost Their Suit
• Chancery Seeks More Info On Authentix Investor Rights Limits
• 7 Brexit Considerations For US Financial Services Cos.
• 10 Tips For Your Next Virtual Court Appearance
• Garrett Shareholders Ask To File Competing Ch. 11 Plan
• 9th Circ. Dumps Investors' Tesla Model 3 Disclosures Suit
• SC Utility To Pay $2M To Settle Failed Nuclear Project Suit
• Credit Suisse Unit Ordered To Pay $604M In Toxic RMBS Case
• Tilray Shareholders Seek To Keep Original Claims Alive
• Goldman Says High Court Cert. Fight Is 'Not A Close Case'
• Chancery Delays Building Sale In Ukrainian Bank's Fraud Case
• Feds Fire Back At Bid To Retry MiMedx Execs' Fraud Case
• Goldman Fingerprint Lapse Led To Felon's Hiring, FINRA Says
• 2nd Circ. Tosses Reinsurer's $5M Investment Fraud Suit
• Pot Greenhouse Biz Faces Sanctions After 3rd Atty Quits
• Exelon Can't Deny Role In ComEd Stock Drop, Investors Say
• Ex-CFTC General Counsel Dan Davis Lands At Katten
• Wells Fargo Seeks To Nix Stock Suit Over Compliance Efforts
• Becton Investor Says Insiders Dumped Stock Ahead Of Recall
• Transocean Ruling Provides Strategic Restructuring Road Map
• Luckin Investors Slam Exit Bids In Suit Over 'Massive' Fraud
• Ripple Token Case Highlights Need For SEC Clarity On Crypto
• Eidos Therapeutics Investor Seeks Docs On BridgeBio Deal
• Casino's Arb. Pact Too One-Sided To Be Enforced, Judge Says
• Don't Let Lies Infiltrate The Mediation Process
• High Court Won't Take Up M&T Bank Merger Case
• Judges On Race: Lack Of Data Deters Criminal Justice Reform
• Biden's Rules Freeze May Not Stop Late Trump Financial Regs
• 1st Circ. Affirms Ex-Aveo CFO Committed Securities Fraud
• Polsinelli Says Clients' 'Slacking Off' Claims Are 'Meritless'
• New Lead Plaintiff Seeks Cert. In Allergan Investor Action
• FTC Wins $120M Judgment In Sanctuary Belize Scam Suit
• Xerox Spinoff Fights Cert. Of 'Lawyer-Driven' Investor Suit
• Brokers Owe $4.2M In Fees Earned In Woodbridge Ponzi Ploy
• Former SEC Staff Attorney Takes Helm Of Enforcement Unit
• Del. Justices Uphold Chancery's Higher Appraisal Of Tech Co.
• Suit Says Cabot Brass Hid Leaks, Inflated $1B Stock Buyback
• Twitter Investors Say Board Prioritized Incumbency Over Co.
• Del. Justices Revive Tossed Suit Over $3.3B Spectra Deal
• Construction Co. Investors Win Class Cert. In Accounting Row
• Del. Books And Records Ruling Offers 4 Lessons For Cos.
• Taxation With Representation: Wilson, Faegre Drinker, Weil
• New Use Of SPAC Subsidiaries Offers Another IPO Option
• Biotech Co. Vows Corporate Reforms To End Securities Suits
• 4th Circ. Upholds $20M Ponzi Schemer's 20-Year Sentence
• Realogy Escapes Class Claims Of Misleading Investors
• FinCEN Says No To Activity Reports Over Negative Press
• SEC Wins Case Against Alleged Cannabis Stock Schemer
• CFTC Names Democrat Rostin Behnam Acting Chairman
• SEC's International Affairs Director Joins Skadden
• Prevail Investors Want Records From $1B Eli Lilly Deal
• Chinese Fintech Co. Investors Claim Fraud Over IPO
• 'Come In And Talk To Us,' SEC's FinHUB Chief Urges
• Cred Inc. Ch. 11 Disclosures OK'd Over US Trustee Objection
• Chinese Telecom Cos. Push For US Delisting Reversal
• Pot Grower CannTrust To Settle Shareholder Suits For $40M
• Bird & Bird Hires Dispute Resolution Partner In Hong Kong
• Top 5 ERISA Stock-Drop Case Developments From 2020
• Acadia's 'Quality Care' Claim For Jury To Decide, Judge Says
• Schwab Forms New Regulatory Group As SEC Turns Over
• Law Firms Should Note GCs' Growing Focus On Biz Strategies
• Biden Names Allison Herren Lee Acting SEC Chair
• Dentons Names Co-Head Of Its So. Cal. Venture Tech Group
• Biden Freezes Late Trump Regs For White House Review
• Biden DOJ May Ax Ban On 3rd-Party Donation Settlements
• Virus Delays Long-Running Securities Fraud Trial To Late 2023
• Ukraine Bank Asks Chancery To Delay Ohio Building Sale
• Ex-SDNY White-Collar Enforcer Joins Finn Dixon & Herling
• 7th Circ. Says Law Firms Not Part Of Alleged Fraud Scheme
• Lyft Slams Class Cert. Bid In IPO Suit
• Challenging SEC ALJs Shouldn't Be 'Illogical,' 5th Circ. Told
• Biden DOL May Ax Socially Conscious 401(k) Investing Hurdle
• Walmart Hit With Investor Suit Over DOJ Opioid Crisis Probe
• SEC Rips VW's 'Unclean Hands' Defense In Diesel Fraud Suit
• Accused JPMorgan Spoofer Says CFTC Expert Isn't Conflicted
• Mylan Wants Out Of Investor Suit Over FDA Inspections
• Aurora Knew Canada's Pot Market Was Bearish, Investors Say
• SEC Enforcement Expansion May Face Constitutional Limits
• What The Oracle-TikTok Saga Means For Oracle Licensees
• 6 Changes The Legal Industry Should Prepare For
• Sen. Burr Says DOJ Won't Charge Him Over Stock Sales
• Ex-Trump Official Gets RICO Claims Axed For Good
• Gensler Expected To Be An Aggressive Enforcer As SEC Chair
• Pluralsight Investors Sue To Block $3.5B Go-Private Sale
• Willis Towers Watson To Settle Merger Claims For $90M
• Lead Plaintiff In Endo Investors' Suit Slams Other Bids
• Robinhood Ruse Hurt 'Young Adult' Traders, Investor Claims
• Hemp Biotech Biz Beats Investor Suit Over SEC Probe
• DLA Piper Atty Can't Shake Ponzi Tie Suit, Judge Told
• Arizona May Have Nudged US Law Firms Toward Future IPOs
• Yellen Pledges Targeted Tax Relief As US Treasury Secretary
• 'Pharma Bro' Shkreli Again Denied Early Prison Release
• Deutsche Looks To Exit Suit Over Claims Of Traders' Spoofing
• Ex-U.S. Atty Carpenito Jumps To King & Spalding's NY Office
• How SEC Can Address 'Inherent Dilemma' Of Its Mandate
• Gensler Could Steer SEC Toward Stronger Investor Protection
• German Court Drops Lesser Charge Against Former VW Chief
• John Hancock Can't Keep Trading Info From Porsche: 1st Circ.
• Investors Say Grubhub Stock Claims Not 'Fraud By Hindsight'
• Citing Liu, SEC Seeks $1.2M From Woodbridge Brokers
• Man Impersonated Son To Defraud Investor Clients, SEC Says
• Investors Say Crypto Co. Status Research 'Tricked' Them
• CBL Mall Execs Get 90-Day Ch. 11 Stay On Stockholder Suit
• FTC Authority To Obtain Monetary Relief May Be Under Threat
• FinCEN Fines Capital One $390M Over AML Violations
• Ex-CEO Mulls Plea Amid Probes Into Cyber-Fraud Company
• Concho Investors Sue For Docs In $9.7B ConocoPhillips Deal
• Calif. Pot Regulators Float Bank Disclosure Rules
• Chancery OKs TRO In Ripple Labs Investor Fight
• Video Tech Co. Founder Charged In Pump-And-Dump Scheme
• How Fund Managers Can Avoid Political Contribution Missteps
• Taxation With Representation: Baker, Wachtell, Shearman
• 6 Ways Financial Regulators Should Prioritize Climate Risk
• UK Litigation Roundup: Here's What You Missed In London
• 4 Legal Industry Trends Litigation Financiers Are Watching
• Cyberpunk 2077 Maker Hit With Investor Suit Over Game Flop
• HD Supply Derivative Settlement Gets Initial Nod
• Stock Tip Site Raging Bull Denies FTC's Fraud Accusations
• ThinkMarkets Says Former IT Worker Won't Return Docs
• Tipster Atty Who Sued SEC Says New Rule Caters To Wall St.
• Trump Commutes Ex-Cay Clubs CEO's Ponzi Sentence
• Williams Expert Says Poison Pill No Threat To Shareholders
• Tips For Forming A Real Estate Fund
• Keep BitMEX Racketeering Suit Alive, Traders Tell Calif. Judge
• Insurer Eyes Early Win In Pipeline Co.'s $5M D&O Suit
• Elanco Wants Out Of Investors' 'Channel-Stuffing' Suit
• A Lawyer's Guide To Setting Well-Being Goals In 2021
• Noble Energy Must Turn Over Docs On $13B Chevron Tie-Up
• Fla. Atty Cops To Role In $322M Ponzi Scheme
• Bankers Trust To Pay $5M In Hospice Workers' ESOP Suit
• Lessons From 2020 Life Sciences Securities Class Actions
• 3 Firms Seek To Rep Biogen Investors In Securities Fraud Suit
• Workers Say Banking Co. Prioritized Own Funds In ERISA Suit
• Noble Energy Investors Sue Board Over $13B Chevron Merger
• OCC's Brooks To Step Down As Top National Bank Regulator
• Illegality Nixes Most Of Marijuana Investment Scheme Suit
• OCC OKs Anchorage As 1st Federally Chartered Crypto Bank
• BitGo Brings On Former Coinbase Compliance Chief As CCO
• Congress Must Fix The AML Whistleblower Law
• 2nd Circ. Urged To Vacate Ex-Alstom Exec's FCPA Acquittal
• Investors Tell Del. Justices Tech Co. Low-Balled Appraisal
• Alibaba Investors Seek Lead In Suits Over Ant's Halted IPO
• Winstead Seeks To Toss Ex-Client's Malpractice Suit
• Brown Rudnick Adds Experienced Trial Atty As Partner In NY
• Keyword Searches To Improve Your Privilege Doc Review
• Chesapeake Energy Ch. 11 Plan Confirmed With $5.13B Value
• LSE's $27B Data Co. Takeover Gets EU Nod With Antitrust Fix
• Top Whistleblower Attorney Sues SEC Over New Rules
• Tim Hortons Operator's Former CEO Sues To Duck Arbitration
• VW Seeks 'Unclean Hands' Defense In SEC Diesel Row
• Top Dem Says Senate Banking Agenda To Put Workers First
• Baxter Dodges Investor Suit Over Forex Accounting, For Now
• Fintech Startup Sues VanEck Over Canceled Bitcoin ETF
• Gary Gensler Reportedly Tops Biden's List To Lead SEC
• $33.5M Winner Fee Approved In $5.8B Chancery Hotel Ruling
• 9th Circ. Weighs VW Bid To Reset Bondholder Fraud Standard
• SEC's Acting Enforcement Chief To Leave By End Of January
• Feds Want Jury Told Of Ex-Theranos CEO's 'Lavish Lifestyle'
• Ex-SEC Corporate Finance Head Rejoins Simpson Thacher
• 3rd Circ. Undoes Wilmington Trust Fraud Convictions
• Feds Fight Bid To Toss $330M 1MDB Forfeiture Suit
• Investment Pro Lied To Raise $50M For Funds, Feds Say
• Attys For Snap Investors Seek $41M From $155M Deal
• Cybersecurity Event-Driven Securities Litigation Has Arrived
• Chancery Opens Trial On Williams' 'Nuclear' Takeover Defense
• State AGs' 2020 Actions Offer Hints At 2021 Priorities
• MetLife Escapes Investors' Annuity Reserve Fraud Claims
• Cantor Can't Slip Rival Broker's Poaching Suit In UK
• Mass. Neuroscience Co. Minerva Hit With Stock-Drop Suit
• Armstrong Teasdale Adds Ex-Assistant US Atty In New York
• ABA Approves Remote Practice, But Questions Remain
• Fed Governor Says Some AI Too Complex, Could Cause Bias
• Supreme Court Won't Hear Wine Investor's $29M Award Fight
• Chinese Investors Seek Class Cert. In $100M EB-5 Fraud Suit
• How Biden Administration Can Crack Down On Ransomware
• What Is Insider Trading In The Derivatives Markets?
• Man Sentenced To 10 Years For $147M Crypto Scam
• Impax Investors' Drug Price-Fixing Suit Revived By 9th Circ.
• LA's US Attorney Returns To Gibson Dunn Partnership
• Feds Say Ex-CFTC Adviser Can't Be Accused Spoofer's Expert
• Investors Sue Canadian Nanotech Co. Over COVID-19 Test
• Investor Slams Sanctions Objection In CBD Co. Securities Suit
• GoodRx IPO Timed To Beat Amazon's Rival Launch, Suit Says
• Traders Seek Cert. In Louis Dreyfus Cotton Futures Row
• What To Expect From Securities Litigation In 2021
• Keys To Creating Standout Law Firm Thought Leadership
• MoFo Nabs Former DOJ Fraud Chief As DC-Based Partner
• Winstead Securities Co-Chair Jumps To Bressler
• Trio Ordered To Pay $9.2M In 'Frack Master' Fraud Scheme
• PPP Enforcement Issues To Watch In 2021
• Garrett Motion, Honeywell Agree To $1.2B Ch. 11 Deal
• Justices Decline To Hear Canadian Pacific's Rail Deal Row
• High Court Won't Take Up SEC In-House Judges Debate
• Justices Nix 2nd Circ. Insider Trading Ruling After Bridgegate
• Top 5 Criminal Justice Reforms Advocates Want Under Biden
• Judges On Race: The Power Of Discretion In Criminal Justice
• SEC Met Howey Test In Bitcoin Fraud Suit, Calif. Judge Says
• Latest SEC Bounty Shows Outside Tipsters Still Welcome
• Investors Press Canopy On Alleged Lies About Pot Demand
• Justices Urged To Clarify Bar For ERISA Stock-Drop Suits
• 2nd Circ. Urged To Refuse Rescue Of Post-Scandal Libor Suit
• Berkshire-Owned Aerospace Co. Settles Investor Suit for $21M
• Pomerantz Asks To Take Lead Of Endo Investors' Suit
• Canada VoIP Biz Investors Blast $26M Merger Deal With Rival
• SEC's Direct Listings Expansion Could Invite New Risks
• Israeli Co. Enjoined In CFTC's 'No Risk' Trading Scheme Suit
• Munck Wilson Adds Litigation Partner In Dallas
• Taxation With Representation: Wachtell, Cravath, Skadden
• Expect New SEC Leadership To Require More ESG Reporting
• Limiting The Severity Of Deficient Securities Fraud Claims
• FINRA Taps Ex-Obama Counsel, Latham Partner For Board
• State Street Fraudster Wins Early Prison Exit Amid Virus Spike
• 5 Attorney Business Development Tips For The New Year
• Deutsche Bank To Pay Over $130M For FCPA, Fraud Violations
• Credit Suisse Sets Aside Additional $850M For US Disputes
• Purported Crypto Fraudster Should Pay $100M, CFTC Says
• 'Vagueness' Axes Laundering Claims, Bitcoin Biz Owner Says
• Judge Vacates Own Nix Of Overstock.com Case Over 'Mistake'
• PG&E Fire Victims Trustee Fights 'Catastrophic' Ch. 11 Appeal
• Acquitted Trader Can Use Some DOJ Evidence For Civil Case
• SEC Investment Unit's Chief Counsel To Depart
• Swedish Biotech Oasmia Settles Investor Claims For $2.4M
• Russian Hacker Who Hit JPMorgan Gets 12 Years In Prison
• What Trading Restrictions On China Mean For US Markets
• How Defense Bill Will Overhaul AML Policy In US
• Navistar Investor Sues To Block VW Unit's $3.7B Acquisition
• Minimizing Disruption To Clients During Law Firm IT Upgrades
• Vape Co. Greenlane Beats Securities Suits Over $110M IPO
• Medical Marijuana Investor Suit Punted Back To Trial Court
• White & Case Adds Fintech Lawyer Doug Landy As Partner
• Pomerantz To Lead Investor Suit Against Brazilian Airline
• SEC Lands $4.9M Default Win Against Alleged Ponzi Operator
• JPMorgan Looks To Sink Ponzi Suit Revived By 8th Circ.
• Crypto Firms Blast FinCEN's Push To Regulate Industry
• REIT, Investors Reach $2.4M Deal Over Alleged Ponzi Scheme
• Cred Borrower Seeks To Hit Third Parties For Collateral Loss
• NYSE Backtracks And Again Plans To Delist Chinese Stocks
• Mt. Gox Investors Urge Ill. Judge To Certify $400M Fraud Class
• K&L Gates Adds Securities Litigator From Thompson Coburn
• Slack Hit With Shareholder Suit Over Salesforce Merger
• Judge OKs $8M Deal In Jay Peak EB-5 Fraud Case
• Bribery Trial Highlights SEC's Focus On Gift Violations
• Northwest Hardwoods OK'd To Exit Del. Ch. 11 Without Delay
• NY Nine West Bankruptcy Decision Won't Chill Buyout Activity
• How Dems Could Alter SEC's Enforcement Approach
• 3 White Collar Enforcement Laws Garland Could Wield As AG
• Feds Want In On Allergan Collusion Suit Amid Criminal Probe
• Zinc Recycler Inks $14.75M Deal To End Investor Suit
• FNB Investors Want Atty Fees For Getting Back CEO Bonus
• Levi & Korsinsky Leads Investors' Icahn Refinery Buyout Suit
• Tips For Drafting Effective Amicus Briefs
• Bouchard Rulings That Shaped Delaware Corporate Law
• OCC Says Banks Can Use Blockchain Networks, Stablecoins
• Bouchard's Surprise Exit Opens Uncertain Void On Chancery
• Ripple Investor Sues To Cash Out In Light Of SEC Action
• Groups Push FINRA To Bolster Broker Misconduct Rules
• NYSE Halts Plans To Delist Trio Of Chinese Telecom Cos.
• Nielsen Investors' GDPR Suit Mostly Survives Dismissal Bid
• Attys Seek $6.8M Cut In Fidelity's TelexFree MDL Settlement
• Investors Sue Russian Payments Co. Over Central Bank Fine
• Mayer Brown Adds 3 Partners In New York, Houston
• 5 Trends That Will Influence E-Discovery In 2021
• Self-Hosted Cryptocurrency Wallets Face New Privacy Hurdles
• SolarWinds Hit With Shareholder Suit Over Nation-State Hack
• Ex-SEC Staffer Wins Sentencing Delay Over COVID-19 Fears
• Nissan Exec Freed From Investors' Pay Scandal Suit
• SEC Sues Another EquiAlt 'Broker' In $170M Ponzi Case
• MoneyGram Dodges Suit Over Money Laundering Compliance
• B. Braun Medical Ex-Workers Fight To Save 401(k) Fee Dispute
• Blockchain Holds Potential For Commercial Real Estate
• Investor Seeks Records In $1.37B Takeover Of Building Co.
• Deutsche Bank Unit Fined $2.5M Over Record-Keeping Issues
• LPL Settles FINRA Records, Fingerprint Claims For $6.5M
• Lowey Dannenberg's Top Leader Resigns
• Calif. Federal Forum Clause Rulings Are Good News For Cos.
• US Trustee Asks Court To Block Cred Inc. Ch. 11 Plan Deal
• Armstrong Teasdale Hires 4 To Open Office In Delaware
• How Relationship Partners Can Draft Winning RFP Responses
• Fintech Litigation To Watch In 2021
• Law Firm Merger Predictions For 2021
• Securities Litigation Trends That Will Matter Most In 2021
• Delaware Cases To Watch In 2021
• The Next Wave Of COVID-19 Securities Litigation Is Building
• 3 Environmental Enforcement Trends To Watch Under Biden
• 2020 ERISA Litigation Trends Hint At What's Ahead This Year
• Fintech Trends And Regulations To Watch In 2021
• 5 Litigation Areas For Banks To Watch In 2021
• Climate Regs Expected To Lead CFTC Policy Agenda In 2021
• 3 Questions Looming For The 2021 IPO Market
• Hospitality Trends And Cases To Watch In 2021
• White Collar Cases To Watch In 2021
• Mitigating IRS Cryptocurrency Enforcement Risk In 2021